Networking refers to the practice of connecting computers, devices, and systems to share resources, exchange data, and communicate with each other. It enables everything from internet access and file sharing to video calls and cloud computing.
Key Concepts in Networking
1. Types of Networks
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LAN (Local Area Network) – Small, local network (e.g., home, office).
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WAN (Wide Area Network) – Large-scale network (e.g., the internet).
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WLAN (Wireless LAN) – Wi-Fi-based network.
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VPN (Virtual Private Network) – Secure, encrypted connection over a public network.
2. Basic Networking Devices
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Router – Directs traffic between networks (e.g., home network ↔ internet).
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Switch – Connects devices within a LAN.
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Modem – Converts ISP signals into digital data.
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Access Point (AP) – Extends Wi-Fi coverage.
3. IP Addresses & Protocols
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IP Address – Unique identifier for devices (e.g.,
192.168.1.1). -
TCP/IP – Rules governing internet communication.
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DNS (Domain Name System) – Translates domain names (e.g.,
google.com) into IP addresses.
4. How Data Travels
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You request a website (e.g.,
youtube.com). -
Your device sends data via Wi-Fi/Ethernet → Router → Modem → Internet.
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The request reaches YouTube’s server, which sends back the webpage.
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Data returns to your device through the same path.
5. Network Security
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Firewall – Blocks unauthorized access.
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Encryption (e.g., HTTPS, VPNs) – Protects data from hackers.
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Authentication (e.g., passwords, biometrics) – Ensures only authorized users access the network.
Why is Networking Important?
✔ Enables internet access, streaming, gaming, and cloud services.
✔ Supports businesses (email, servers, remote work).
✔ Critical for IoT (smart homes, wearables, self-driving cars).
Example: Home Network Setup
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Modem connects to the ISP (gets a public IP).
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Router distributes internet to devices (assigns private IPs).
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Switch (optional) adds more wired connections.
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Wi-Fi Access Point extends wireless coverage.