What is a Router?
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks, acting as a traffic manager for your internet connection. It connects multiple devices (like smartphones, laptops, and smart TVs) to the internet through a single Internet Service Provider (ISP) connection.
Key Functions of a Router
Connects Devices to the Internet
Allows multiple devices (via Wi-Fi or Ethernet) to share one internet connection.
Directs Network Traffic
Acts like a “post office,” routing data between your home network and the wider internet.
Assigns Local IP Addresses
Uses DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) to give each device a unique private IP address (e.g.,
192.168.1.2).
Provides Security (Firewall & NAT)
Uses Network Address Translation (NAT) to hide devices behind a single public IP (from your ISP).
Blocks unauthorized access with built-in firewalls.
Enables Wi-Fi (Wireless Router)
Broadcasts a wireless signal for devices to connect without cables.
Router vs. Modem
| Router | Modem |
|---|---|
| Distributes internet to multiple devices | Connects directly to the ISP (one device) |
| Assigns local IPs | Gets a public IP from the ISP |
| Manages Wi-Fi & LAN | Converts ISP signal to digital data |
| Often combined with a modem (modem-router combo) | Standalone in older setups |
Common Router Features
✔ Dual-band Wi-Fi (2.4GHz for range, 5GHz for speed)
✔ Parental Controls (blocking websites/schedules)
✔ Guest Network (separate Wi-Fi for visitors)
✔ Quality of Service (QoS) (prioritizes video/gaming traffic)
Example: How a Router Works
You open a website (e.g.,
google.com) on your phone.The router sends the request to your ISP’s modem.
The modem forwards it to Google’s servers using your public IP.
Google’s response comes back to the router, which delivers it to your phone.